Task 8. Translate the following text into Russian. Check the meaning of any unfamiliar technical words in the dictionary.

Algorithm Development and Pseudocode

 

An algorithm is a solution to a problem. Computer scientists are in the problem-solving business. They use techniques of structured programming to develop solutions to problems. Algorithms will range from the easier "finding the average of two numbers" to the more difficult "visiting all the subdirectories on a hard disk, searching for a file."

A major task of the implementation stage is the conversion of rough designs into refined algorithms which can then be coded in the implementation language of choice.

Pseudocode refers to a rough-draft outline of an answer, written in English-like terms. We will probably use phrases and words which are close to programming languages, but avoid using any specific language. Once the pseudocode has been developed, translation into code occurs more easily than if we had skipped this pseudocode stage.

Stepwise refinement is the process of gradually developing a more detailed description of an algorithm. Problem solving in computer science involves overall development of the sections of a program, expanding each section with more detail, later working out the individual steps of an algorithm using pseudocode, then finally writing a code solution.

Word-play

Task 9. Complete the crossword puzzle and find the key word in 15 down.

Across

1. a statement that explains what something looks like, or how it behaves

2. the process of writing and testing programs for computers

3. a pejorative term for code with a complex and tangled control structure, especially one using many GOTOs, exceptions, or other "unstructured" branching constructs

4. the rate of translating a high-level language into machine code

5. a group of items that are in a certain order

6. a human-readable notation for the machine language that a specific computer architecture uses

7. the control structure allowing choice among different directions

8. the information that explains how to use software or hardware

9. a product review performed by a formal team. A number of such reviews may be held during the lifetime of a software project, covering, for example, requirements specification, program specifications, design, and implementation.

10. …… editor - a program that combines one or more files containing object code from separately compiled program modules into a single file containing loadable or executable code

11. part of a computer program, which tells the computer what to do at that stage

12. a set of rules that must be followed when solving a particular problem

13. a way of writing a description of a computer program using a mixture of natural language and computer language code

14. the period of time during which a program is executed

Down

15. the act of starting to use a plan or computer system, etc.

 

 

Speaking

 

Task 10. Work in pairs, Student A and Student B. Look at the cartoons A and B. They are related in some way. You each have one minute to describe what your cartoon shows.

Student A should turn to the cartoon A on page 89.

Student B should turn to the cartoon B on page 92.

When you have finished, discuss

1. What is similar about the situations and the problem in the three cartoons?

2. What are the differences?

3. What message is each cartoon trying to convey?

Unit 6. Object Oriented Programming

 

Warm-up

 

Task 1. Answer the following questions:

1. What is object oriented programming?
2. What are the basic features of object oriented programming?
3. What are object oriented languages? Give any examples.
4. What are they used for?

 

Reading