Lesson 5. CONSTlTUTlONAI, LAW OF ТНЕ

UNlTED STATES AND ТНЕ k1NGDOlM

Содержание

Словообразование: суффиксы глаголов, сушествительных, прилагательных.

п. Грамматика: причастие Е, ll (простые и сложные формы); абсолютные причастные конструкции: причастные обороты.

Тексты: Text ”А”— US Ciovernment

US Constitulion

'l'ext ”А” — The Bodies 0fGovemment in the

United kingdom

Тем ”В" — 0utlines of ConstitutionaI Law

Word Formation

l. Repeat the following verbs after the speaker. Pay attention to the suffixes: -ize; -ise

to intensify	to characterize
to falsify	to emphasize
to classifv	to exercise
to	to organize
to qualify	to monopolize
-ate; -ute	-en
to communicate	to strengthen
to illustrate	to shorten
to demonstrate	to widen

to indicate to populate to constitute to contribute to enumerate

2. Repeat the fol]owing nouns after the speaker. Payattention to the suffixes:

	-sure	-ture
	pleasure	culture
	leisure	picture
	treasure	literature
	measure	departure
	seizure	furniture structure nature
	-ness	-ty (-ity)
	weakness	quantity
	sickness	quality
	sertousness	activity
	happiness	disability
	openness	productivity
readiness	safetv
fearlessness	responsibikity
helplessness	possibilitv

suddenness

3. Read the following adjectives. Pay attention the suffixes:

-able (-ibie)	-less
honourable	homeless
valuable	aimless
reasonable	hopeless
possible	useless
changeable	fruitless
acceptable	helpless
OUS	ic
dangerous	basic
famous	democratic
glorious	economic
courageous	historic

heroic patriotic

4. Read the verbs and the corresponding nouns. Pay attention to the mode of word formation, translate:

a) to in 'crease	'Increase
to ex'port	'export
to insult	— insult
to con'duct	'conduct
to con tvict	— 'eonvict
to guaran'tee	guarantee
b) to excuse	excuse
to use	use
to advise	advice
to live	life
to prove	— proof
to lose	loss
to choose	— choice
Lo believe	— belief
to shoot	shot

i 49

to sing song

Ex. 2. Read the following verbs paying attention to the pronunciation of -ed:

organized, formed, exercised. empowered, examined, maintained, required, carried out, trained, prepared, gathered. managed, approved, ensured, guaranteed, administered. controlled. supposed, defined. studied, considered, altered, defined, proclaimed, interviewed, identified; looked, searched, worked out, helped, stopped- traced, influenced, suppressed, expressed, deduced, possessed, asked, placed, punished, sentenced, established, forced, finished:

completed, investigated, detected, provided, appointed. co' lected, attended, created, included, depended, directed, conducted, defended, committed, translated, consisted, elected, vested, estimated. recommended.

Ex. 3. Read the vctbs properly:

expressed, belonged, existed, served, founded, törmed, united. included, constituted, elected, empowered, approved, adopted, enacted, ensured, directed, drafted, implemented. defended, protected, maintained, guaranteed, administered, supervised, exercised, appointed, possessed.

GRAMMAR

Participle I, Il

[IpuqacTHe B aHFJIHäCKOM A3b!Ke upeuc.^rraßJIRT c060ï1 HerlHHHVE0 nraro.qa. K0Topaq COOTBeTCTByer B PVCCKOM *361Ke npnqacrmo neenpnqac,T1.-1F0.

The crime investigated was a very serious one.

PaccneAveMoe flpec•ryqneHHe 6b1no oqeHb cepbe3Hb1M.

Investigating this serious crirne the officer discovered a lot of important evidence against that voung man.

Paecneayg 310 cepbe3uoe npecrynneHHe, 0(þuuep oíHaPY}KH11 MHO-

FO B&KHb1X V"HK npo•rna 3TOF0 MonoAoro

The investigating officer must be very careful in the crime scene.

CneJ10Ba•re11b (paccJ1eAYf011ÅHü 0(þHuep) *IlOJDKe-H 6b1Tb OgeHb BHHMa-

•renbHb1M Ha Mecve npecrynneHMA.

Причастия имеют форму времени и залога.

	Active	Passive
Present Petf6ct	asking havin asked	being asked asked havin Нееп askcd

Простые формы причастия

1. Present Participle Active (Participle l) образуется путем прибавления -ing к глаголу в форме инфинитива (без частицы to):

to readreadino читатьчитающий. читая to considerconsidcring считать (рассматривать)считающии. считая to havehaving иметьимеющий. имея to sitsitting

СИЛеть — сидящий, сидя to control controlling контролировать котролирующий, контролируя

П. Past Participle (Participle П) от правильных глаголов образуется путем прибавления -ed к глаголу в форме инфинитива (без частицы to): to investigate investigated расследовать расследованный, расследуемый to appoint — appointed назначать назначенный, назначаемыи

Past Participle об неправильных глаголов образуется различными другими способами. Неправильные глаголы рекомендуется заучивать в трех ОСНОвНЫХ формах — 3-я форма глагола есть Past Participle.

to give	gven
(давать	данный, даваемый)
to read	read
(читать	прочитанный, читаемый)
to see	seen
(видеть	— виденный, видимый)

to leave

(оставлять оставленный, оставляемый) E.g. 1. We see а growing interest in the American litcrature and art among оиг young реор|с.

Мы видим растущий интерес к американской литературе и искусству среди наших МОЛОдЫХ людей.

2. Не сате ир looking at те with interest. Он подошел, глядя на меня с интересом.

З. Не gave те the book taken in the librarv.

Он лал мне книгу, взятую в библиотеке.

4. Ail the questions discussed at оиг meeting last week were ven.' important for us.

Все вопросы, обсуждаемые на нашем собрании на прошлой не- деле, были очень ВажнЫ для нас.

Ш. Если перед Present Participle стрит союз while (или when), то Present Participie переводится на рисский язык или деепричастием или придаточным предложением времени:

While investigating this case the off:cer intcrviewed тапы persons.

это дело, офицер опросил много людей. В то время, как офицер расследовал это дело. он опросил многО людей).

When leaving the crime scene the criminal left some traces.

Уходя с места преступления, преступник оставил некоторые следы. (= Когда преступник иодил с места прест•епления, он оставил некоторые следы).

Сложные формы причастия

1. Pcrfect Participle Active: having written — написав having asked — спросив having done сделав

Having discussed all their problems the students closed the meeting.

Обсудив все свои проблемы, слушатели закрыли собрание.

2. Present Participle Passive:

being discussed — 06CY>KaaCMblÏf. 6vny-w beina investigated — paccnenveMb[ñ, 6YAyqu 3. Perfect Participle Passive: having been done cneWdHHblÜ, having been committed — coBepweHHblii

l. Having looked through all the papers and letters received on that day he left his office. OH e pa60TbI, apocMorpeB ace AOKYMeHTb(H n HCbMa, nony^r qe"Hbže B 'TOT,aeHb.

2. Having done all the exercises to the text, he began to work at the text itself.

BCe K TU'KCTY, OH Haqa'l pa60-

-raTl, Haji CaMRM TeKCTO.M.

3. The problem being discussed at the conference must be solved.

Ilp06JieMa, (Ro^rropaq oícy»enaercq) Ha AOJÐK1-1a 6b1Tb pe[neHa.

4.
The report being made by professor N. is rather interesting.

AOKJIUI, KOTOPb1ìi ne.nae-r apocþeccop H., AOBOJ1bHO

HHTepcceH.

5. Having been translated by the students before the texts did not seem difficult far them.

T.R. TeKCTb1 nepeBeÄe11b' cnywaue.1flMH

OHM He Ka3a-nøcb HM TPYAHb1ML1.

Ex. 4. Ex. 5.	Name the form of Participle: proclaimed. being investigated, committing, having adopted, having been appointed, having developed, being ensured, being directed. administering, having been protected, being tried, divided.
à)	Form Past Participle of the given verbs. Translate them into Russian.
Model:	10 compose — composed (cocrraBneHHblii) to administer, to empower. to appoint. to ensure, to pro-

tect. to approve, to adopt, to elect, to direct, to consti-

tute, to include, to form, to pay, to express, to divide. to try;

b) Form Present Participle of the given verbs. Translate them:

to approve, to consist, to ensure, to direct, to develop, to maintain, to defend, to take measures, to administer, to divide. to represent;

c) Form Perfect Participle Active of the following verbs:

to investigate, to appoint, to administer, to supervise, to develop, to define, to defend, to maintain, to protect;

d) Form Perfect Passive Participle of the given verbs. Translate them:

to appoint, to discuss, to interview, to elect, to approve, to guarantee, to implement, to found, to adopt, to preserve.

e) Translate the sentences with Participles:

l. Being washed by seas Great Britain has a mild climate. 2. Having developed its economy the USA has become a mighty power. 3. When reading this article the students will know much of the American workers' litu 4. Having been translated into Russian this book is verv popular with the young readers. 5. Having heard of all the details of that situation I decided to help my friend. 6. Having been read long ago the text seemed new for us. 7 Having been put at the Congress these problems have remained very important today. 8. Great Britain has a highly developed economy.