Правила чтения буквосочетаний гласных (гласных с согласными)

Буква	Буквосочетания	Звук	Примеры
A a	a + ir	[εə]	air, hair, chair, pair, fair
ay, ai	[eı]	play, pay, say, day, today, aim, rain, paint, main, nail
a + n a + f a + s+ согласная a + th a + l	[a:]	plant, branch, can't after, craft grass, class, fast, task   path, rather, father half, palm
a + ll a + lk w + ar	[ɔ:]	all, ball, tall, call, small chalk, talk, walk war, warm, award, warn, reward
w(h) + a	[wɔ]	was, what, want, wash, watch
aw	[ɔ:]	law, saw, draw, strawberry
a + nge	[eı]	change, strange, 'exchange
au (gh)	[ɔ:]	author, autumn, daughter
E e	ee, ea	[i:]	see, meet, tree, green, street, feel, sea, meat, tea, team, peace
ea + d, th, lth   но:	[e]   [i:]	head, dead, bread, death, health read, lead, reader, leader
ea + r + согл.	[ə:]	earn, earth, early, learn
ear, eer	[ıə]	hear, near, ear, clear, dear, fear
ew	[ju:]	new, knew, newspaper, few
ei	[i:]	ceiling, receive, deceive, seize
er (в суффиксе)	[ə]	worker, driver, painter
ey (под ударением) но:	[eı]	they, grey, obey key [ki:]
ey (в неударном слоге)	[ı]	money, hockey, trolley
I i	ie (перед согласной)	[i:]	field, piece, niece, brief, chief
ie (в конце слова)	[aı]	lie, tie, die
igh	[aı]	night, fight, high, sigh, sight, flight
i + nd но: I + ld	[aı] [ı] [aı]	kind, find, mind, blind wind, window mild, child, (но: children)
O o	oo + n, l	[u:]	moon, soon, too, spoon, cool, fool
oo + k	[u]	look, book, took, cook
ou но:	[au] [u]	house, round, out, about should, could
ough + t	[ɔ:]	bought, thought, fought, brought
oa	[əυ]	coat, boat, soap, road, toast
ow (в середине слова)	[aυ]	town, brown, down, power, powder
ow (в конце слова)   но:	[əυ]   [au]	window, slow, row, snow, grow now, how
oy oi	[ɔı]	boy, toy, noise, voice, soil choice, coin, boil
o + ld	[əυ]	old, cold, sold, hold, told, bold
our	[ɔ:]	four, court, course, your, fourth
our, ower	[aυə]	our, hour, shower, flower, tower, power
o + m + n + v +th но:	[Λ]   [u:]	some, come, among, money son, won, wonderful, front glove, love, lovely mother, brother, other prove, move, movement, improvement
ous	[ə]	famous, dangerous, various
or	[ə]	doctor, tractor, conductor
U u	ue	[ju:]	due, sue, hue
после r, l	[u:]	true, blue
ure – в открытом слоге после –s но:	[υə]   [υ]	sure, surely   sugar
u – в закрытом слоге после f, p, b	[υ]	full, push, bush, bull
в открытом слоге после r, j	[u:]	rule, June, jubilee, rumour
Y y	перед гласной в начале слова	[j]	yes, yet, year, yesterday
в безударном положении на конце слова	[ı]	city, money, holiday, lady, lazy, fifty, seventy

Не следует испытывать отчаяние при виде подобных таблиц. Мы приводим их для того, чтобы Вы могли внимательно изучить звукобуквенные соответствия и использовать их для тренировки чтения. Настоящая уверенность к Вам придет тогда, когда Вы будете употреблять эти слова в своей речи.

 

Pronunciation exercises

Read the words. Compare their pronunciation and spelling.

ear

–

air

girl

–

goal

took

–

tour

were

–

war

–

was

beer

–

bear

burn

–

bone

put

–

poor

work

–

warm

–

want

here

–

hear

turn

–

tone

shook

–

sure

worst

–

water

–

watch

Match the words and the vowel symbols.

Eg. 1-f

1. Meet a. [a:]

2. Let b. [æ]

3. Bit c. [e]

4. Law d. [ə]

5. Back e. [ı]

6. Cut f. [i:]

7. Third g. [b]

8. Mood h. [3:]

9. Clock i. [ɔ:]

10. Good g. [u:]

11. Arch k. [υ]

12. About l. [ Λ ]

 

Match the words and the vowel symbols.

Eg. 1-c

1. May a. [əυ]

2. Buy b. [aı]

3. Poor c. [eı]

4. No d. [ıə]

5. Toy e. [aυ]

6. Dare f. [υə]

7. Mouse g. [eə]

8. Dear h. [ɔı]

 

Write out the pairs with the same vowel sound.

Eg. Car – farm

1. Blue – you

2. One – phone

3. Arm – are

4. Five – eye

5. Red – head

6. Book – door

7. Eight – they

8. Watch – bad

9. Chair – their

10. Box – dog

11. Your – our

12. Where – here

 

Find the word which doesn’t contain the same sound.

Eg. root, school, good, cool – good.

1. Life, mine, live, ride, pie

2. Read, big, street, jeans, meat

3. Phone, bowl, house, boat, home

4. Hair, wear, here, air, pear

5. Bar, charm, war, rather, far

6. Box, yellow, phone, post, home

 

Правила чтения согласных

Буква и буквосочетание	Звук	Примечание	Примеры
B b bt	[b]   [t]	в конце слова	bus, but, about, better, butter, by, book, bed, bag, bad debt, doubt
С с	[s]   [k]   [∫]	перед e, i, y в остальных случаях перед безударной гласной	face, city, cinema, cycle, since, ice, space, centre cap, cat, cut, cry, copy, capital, come, close, clock ocean, social, special, musician, ancient, racial
cc	[ks] [k]	перед e, i, y в остальных случаях	accept, success, accent, accident occur, according, accomplish, accumulate, occupy, occasion
ch tch	[t∫]		chess, rich, cheese, chop, much, match, kitchen, watch, catch
ch	[k]     [∫]	в словах греческого происхождения в словах французского происхождения	school, architect, chemistry, character, archeology, technical   machine, machinery, machinist
ck	[k]		black, sick, back, pack, neck, check
D d dg	[d] [-]   [ʤ]	перед согласными	date, made, end, decide, old grandmother, handsome, handkerchief bridge, knowledge, judge, sledge
F f ften	[f] [fn]		five, if, finish, face, family often, soften
G g	[ʤ]   [g]	перед e, i, y в остальных случаях	page, change, gymnasium, stage но: [g] - get, give, begin go, green, grey, grow
gh	[-]   [f]	после au, ou в словах:	weight, eight, bought, brought, fought, daughter laugh, enough, cough
gn	[n]	в начале и в конце слова	foreign, sign
H h	[h]   [-]		he, his, here, have, home, hundred, husband hour, honour, honest, exhibition
K k kn	[k] [n]	в начале слова	kill, keep, king, kitchen, kiss know, knee, knife, knock
L l alm, alf, alk	[l] [-]		lake, late, light, listen, leg talk, calm, half, chalk
M m mb mn	[m] [m]	в конце слова	miss, meal, seem, team climb, bomb, comb autumn, column
N n ng nk	[n]   [ŋ] [ŋk]	в конце слова	never, number, nobody, next, notice sing, song, interesting, thing drink, bank, ink, tank, thank
P p ph	[p] [f]	в словах греческого происхождения	pen, pencil, pupil, publish, top phone, physics, philoso­phy, philologist, sym­phony, phase
Qu	[kw] [k]	в словах французского происхождения	queen, question, quick, quite, queue unique, technique
Rr	[r]		red, ready, rain, sorry, mirror, trip
S s ss ssion sion sure sh sc sten stle	[s]   [z]     [s] [∫]   [∫(ə)n]   [ʒn]   [ʒə] [∫] [s] [sn] [sl]	в начале слова но: [∫] после глухих согласных после звонких согласных и гласных   перед безудар- ным слогом     в конце слова   перед е, i, у	see, sea, son, sun, stand, stop sugar, sure maps, cats, books, hats, caps   pens, bags, days, girls, boys these, cheese, please, nose, rose   class, pass, success, kiss, miss Russian   session, discussion, comission, opression decision, conclusion, revision, invasion, confusion, television pleasure, treasure, leisure, measure she, ship, fish, shop, short science, scientist, scene, scenery listen, fasten whistle, wrestling
T t th tion ture	[t] [θ] [ð] [∫(ə)n]   [t∫ə]		ten, twenty, table, sit, teeth thing, thank, three, tooth this, those, with, without, weather demonstration, revolution, dictation, translation, attention picture, future, lecture, culture, nature, feature, furniture
V v	[v]		live, leave, voice, move, vase
W w wh wh+o wr	[w] [w]   [h] [r]		win, want, water, wind, twins when, where, why, what, which, white, whisper, while who, whom, whose, whole wrong, write, writer, wrestling
X x	[ks]     [gz]	в конце слова и перед согласными перед ударной гласной	box, fox, six, taxi, text, excuse, exercise   examination, example, exist, exact
Z z	[z]		lazy, zone, zero, zoo, zoo­logy

Pronunciation exercises

1. Read the words with the letter h. Decide which of them contain the sound [h].

hotel	hour	home
who	why	happy
honest	hospital	half
which	when	honour

 

2. Read the words with the letter c. Write out the words with the sound [k].

cat	cut	since
city	centre	clock
face	cake	come
cube	space	cinema
ocean	special	occur

3. Put the words into 2 columns according to the pronunciation of the letters th.

Clothes, month, they, other, health, three, leather, north, father, thank, tooth, weather, with.

 

θ
ð

Can you add more words?

4. Read the words with the letter s. What sounds can you hear?

Miss, safe, easy, ship, measure, mechanic, profession, cheese, sun, session, listen, sugar, sea, please, days, television, sure, books, science.

 

5. Read the words and decide which of them contain the sound [w].

warm	own	heavy	watch	write
two	view	when	violence	white
how	world	borrow	question	who

6. Read the words with the letter g and decide which of them contain the sound [g].

gentle	girl	give	green	grace
guest	begin	change	sign	go
ago	page	gate	guide	enough

7. Read the words below and decide which of them contain the sound [ ŋ ].

winter	drink	young	thing
sink	thanks	children	expensive
English	window	modern	thin
pond	uncle	win	darling

8. Read the words below and decide which of them contain the sound [ ∫ ].

chef	children	shoes	she
special	ship	measure	ocean
catch	sure	profession	teacher
short	mechanic	certain	action