Практическая работа № 14 «Окружающая среда и экология, Future - in - the - Past »

Задание. Прочитайте, переведите текст и письменно ответьте на вопросы

Ecological Problems

Ecology is a science which studies the relationship between all forms of life on our planet and the environment.

Since ancient times Nature has served Man, giving him everything he needs: air to breathe, food to eat, water to drink, wood for building and fuel for heating his home. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with the environment and it seemed to them that the resources of Nature had no end or limit.

With the industrial revolution our negative influence on Nature began to increase. Large cities with thousands of polluting plants and factories can be found nowadays all over the world. They pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, the fields where our crops are grown. Big cities suffer from smog. Cars with their engines have become the main source of polluting in industrial countries.

Vast forests are cut down everywhere for the needs of industries. As a result many kinds of animals, birds, fish and plants are disappearing nowadays.

The pollution of the air and the world’s oceans and the thinning the ozone layer are the other problems arising from men’s careless attitude to ecology.

Active measures should be taken to save the life on our planet. There is an international organization called Greenpeace which is doing much to preserve the environment.

Questions to the text on ecological problems:

1. Why are the wild animals in danger?

2. What climatic changes are the most threatening?

3. Is there any way to make our air cleaner

4. What is Green Peace?

5. What are the main ecological problems?

Практическая работа № 15 «Окружающая среда и экология, Future - in - the - Past»

Задание. Употребите данные в скобках глаголы в Past Indefinite и в Future in the Past.

1.I (say) I (be) busy. 2. He (say) he (be) happy. 3. She (say) she (be waiting) for her husband. 4.They (say) they (have to do) many things. 5. He (think) he (afford) to go to the seaside. 6. I (suppose) he (come). 7. We (know) she (join) us. 8. I (not think) there (be) so many people in the café. 9. She (promise) she (call up) you. 10. They (say) they (go) to the Health and Fitness Centre. 11. He (bother) there (be) a test. 12.They (say) they (go hunting).

Задание. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Development of environmental engineering

   Ever since people first realized that their health and well-being were related to the quality of their environment, they have applied thoughtful principles to improve the quality of their environment. The ancient Indus civilization utilized early sewers in some cities. The Romans constructed aqueducts to prevent drought and to create a clean, healthful water supply for the metropolis of Rome. In the 15th century, Bavaria created laws restricting the development and degradation of alpine country that constituted the region's water supply. In the mid-19th century in London Joseph Bazalgette designed the first major sewerage system. The introduction of drinking water treatment and sewage treatment in industrialized countries reduced waterborne diseases.

The field emerged as a separate environmental discipline during the middle third of the 20th century in response to widespread public concern about water and pollution and increasingly extensive environmental quality degradation. However, its roots extend back to early efforts in public health engineering.

In many cases, as societies grew, actions that were intended to achieve benefits for those societies had longer-term impacts which reduced other environmental qualities. One example is the widespread application of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) to control agricultural pests in the years following World War II. While the agricultural benefits were outstanding and crop yields increased dramatically, thus reducing world hunger substantially, and malaria was controlled better than it ever had been, numerous species were brought to the verge of extinction due to the impact of the DD T on their reproductive cycles. The story of DDT as vividly told in Rachel Carson's «Silent Spring» is considered to be the birth of the modern environmental movement and the development of the modern field of environmental engineering.