Listen to the following lecture- Minerals: rock components. Fill in the spaces with the missing information. You will hear the lecture twice.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Some rocks can be seen with the naked eye. These particles are (1) _______  . These are (2) _____ ______  , which have been inorganically formed. They have definite (3) ________  ________  - and definite (4) ________ _________  . When a rock forms, the chemicals organize themselves into different minerals. There are hundreds of different minerals, but some are more (5) _________  than others. Every rock is made up of a (6) __________  of different minerals. We can divide minerals into (7) ________  broad categories: 1. (8) ______________ 2. (9) ____________ (10) ______  is the most common chemical component of the Earth. The most common rock-forming minerals are (11) ________  . The simplest mineral of this type is (12) ___________  .	It is pure (13) _________  . There are metallic elements combined with silica. An example is magnesium- iron silicate called (14) ________  . It is the most common mineral of the (15) ___________  crust. The (16) _____  crust is rich in (17) _____  , so it’s also rich in aluminum silicate, called (18) _________  . Compounds containing carbon are called (19) ________  . The most important is (20) _________  . It is an (21) _________ mineral, because it’s affected by (22) ___________  . The silicates contain (23) ________  . Because of their chemical nature, these metals are impossible to remove. (24) ______  are metals that contain oxygen and are important ore minerals. Examples are (25) _________  and (26) _________  . A metal combined with sulfur forms a (27) ________  . These include (28) _______  and (29) ________  .

DISCUSSION

5.1 Complete the mind map. Discuss the following questions:

• What are the 2 properties of a mineral (rock)?

• What are the main features of a mineral (rock)?

• What is the definition of a mineral (rock)

MINERALS

EXPLORATORY SPEAKING (short talk)

1. Problem: What is the difference between rocks and minerals?

2. Analysis of the problem

3. Conclusion

Use the mind-maps and the table below. Don’t forget communicative

Formulas.

Communicative formulas

 

No doubt / undoubtedly	It’s of great value / no value
It permits (the growing, the spreading) of…	I’m afraid I disagree with you I entirely agree with you
It’s the only observation method of….	One believes that
What’s the role of…	My impressions is that
This is essential for…	I think / I guess
The way (period, process) I’ve mentioned	Besides, …..
In particular	My question is whether…
At a wide (narrow) angle of view	The point is that…
For instance…	The more…the greater…

Terms

Coarse-grained-крупнозернистый	Arrangement- размещение, характер укладки
Fine-grained- мелкозернистый	Homogeneity- однородность
Crystalline- кристаллический	Texture- структура
Glassy- стекловатый	Structure- текстура
Crystal face- кристаллическая грань/плоскость	Constituent- составная часть; компонент
Bulk- валовая	Bedding- слоистость, напластование
Spatial- пространственный	Foliation- сланцеватость
Schistosity- сланцеватость	Cavity- каверна (в породе)
Abundance-    относительное содержание; масса	Vesicularity-              пористость, пузырчатость (о текстуре)

Table 4 Rocks and minerals

WORDLIST

PRONUNCIATION

TERMS

cementation

compaction

deposition

effusive

erosion

extrusion

extrusive

igneous rock(s)

intrusion

intrusive

magma

melt

metamorphic rock(s)

metamorphism

rock cycle

sedimentary rock(s)

sedimentary sequence

weathered rock(s)

weathering

WORDS AND PHRASES

breakdown

crystallize

deform (deformation)

deposit (deposition)

differentiation

erode (erosion)

exchange

fluid

fractionation

fusion

granulation

heterogeneity

lithify (lithification)

metamorphose (metamorphism)

path recrystallization

цементация

уплотнение

отложение (осадочного материала)

эффузивный, вулканический

эрозия

экструзия (магмы)

экструзивный

магматическая порода

интрузия (магмы)

интрузивный, плутонический

магма

расплав

метаморфическая порода

метаморфизм

геохимический цикл

осадочная порода

осадочный комплекс

выветрелая порода

выветривание

разрушение, распад

кристаллизироваться

деформировать (деформаця)

осаждаться (отложение)

дифференциация, разделение

эродировать (эрозия)

обмен

текучая среда, флюид

разделение на фракции

расплавление; синтез, слияние

грануляция

гетерогенность, неоднородность

литифицироваться (литификация)

подвергаться метаморфизму,

изменяться (метаморфизм)

тропа, путь, дорога

перекристаллизация

refractory                                     тугоплавкий

remelt (remelting)                         переплавляться (переплавление)

residual                                         остаточный

reworking                                     переработка

sedimentation                               осаждение, осадконакопление

to accelerate                                  ускорять

to penetrate                                  проникать внутрь

uplift                                            поднятие

variable                                        изменчивый, переменная величина