Computer architecture is a set of rules and methods.

2) Computer architecture can be determined as the art.

3) Computer organization helps optimize performance-based products.

 

4. Answer the following questions

1) What is the title of the text you are speaking about?

2) What is the main idea of text?

What is the purpose of computer architecture?

 

5. Speak about: Computer architecture as the art of determining the needs of the user.

 

Test-paper

 

English: Information Protection

 

Variant 22

 

1. Read and translate the following text

 

Emerging Technologies

 

Emerging technologies are technologies that are perceived as capable of changing the status quo. These include a variety of technologies such as educational technology, information technology, nanotechnology, biotechnology, cognitive science, robotics, and artificial intelligence.

Emerging technologies are characterized by a number of attributes: 1) radical novelty, 2) relatively fast growth, 3) coherence, 4) prominent impact, and 5) uncertainty and ambiguity. On the basis of these attributes, an emerging technology can be defined as “a radically novel and relatively fast growing technology characterized by a certain degree of coherence persisting over time and with the potential to exert a considerable impact on the socio-economic domain(s) which is observed in terms of the composition of actors, institutions and patterns of interactions among those, along with the associated knowledge production processes. Its most prominent impact, however, lies in the future and so in the emergence phase is still somewhat uncertain and ambiguous.”

 New technological fields may result from the technological convergence of different systems evolving towards similar goals. Convergence brings previously separate technologies such as voice (and telephony features), data (and productivity applications) and video together so that they share resources and interact with each other, creating new efficiencies.

Emerging technologies are those technical innovations which represent progressive developments within a field for competitive advantage; converging technologies represent previously distinct fields which are in some way moving towards stronger inter-connection and similar goals. However, the opinion on the degree of the impact, status and economic viability of several emerging and converging technologies vary.

 

2. Translate the following words and phrases from English into Russian

Emerging technologies; perceive; cognitive science; artificial intelligence; coherence; prominent impact; uncertainty and ambiguity; technological convergence; evolve; competitive advantage; economic viability.

 

3. Make questions to the following answers

Emerging technologies include a variety of technologies.

2) Emerging technologies are characterized by a number of attributes.

3) Emerging technologies represent progressive developments within a field for competitive advantage.

 

4. Answer the following questions

1) What is the title of the text you are speaking about?

2) What is the main idea of text?

What aspects do emerging technologies include?

 

5. Speak about: Emerging technologies, their fields and characteristics

 

 

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Test-paper

 

English: Information Protection

 

Variant 23

 

1. Read and translate the following text

 

Hardware vs. Software

Software is a general term used to describe a collection of computer programs, procedures, and documentation that perform some task on a computer system. Practical computer systems divide software systems into three major classes: system software, programming software, and application software, although the distinction is arbitrary and often blurred. Software is an ordered sequence of instructions for changing the state of the computer hardware in a particular sequence. Software is typically programmed with a user-friendly interface that allows humans to interact more more efficiently with a computer system.

Hardware is best described as a device, such as a hard drive, that is physically connected to the computer or something that can be physically touched. A CD-ROM, computer display monitor, printer, and video card are all examples of computer hardware. Without any hardware, a computer would not function, and software would have nothing to run on. Hardware and software interact with one another: software tells hardware which tasks it needs to perform. There are several differences between computer hardware and software.